HERTANTO, HAFIZ HELMY (2025) USULAN STRATEGI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PADA PRODUK SABUN BATANG DALAM UPAYA MEMINIMASI PRODUK DEFECT DENGAN PENDEKATAN SIX SIGMA. Skripsi thesis, UPN Veteran Yogyakarta.
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Abstract
ABSTRAK
UMKM Sekar Jawi yang bergerak di bidang produk kosmetik alami
mengalami permasalahan kualitas pada salah satu produknya, yaitu sabun batang.
Selama periode Januari hingga Desember 2024, ditemukan tingkat produk cacat
sebesar 4% dari total produksi sebanyak 5.025 unit, yang melebihi ambang batas
maksimal 3% yang ditetapkan oleh UMKM. Cacat yang ditemukan didominasi oleh
dua jenis, yaitu variasi bentuk (56,36%) dan retak (43,65%). Permasalahan ini
mendorong perlunya analisis mendalam dan upaya perbaikan kualitas untuk
meminimalkan tingkat defect dalam proses produksi sabun batang.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode Six Sigma dengan tahapan
DMAI (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve) serta Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
(FMEA). Pada tahap Define dilakukan pemetaan proses menggunakan diagram
SIPOC dan Critical To Quality (CTQ). Tahap Measure dilakukan pengukuran
DPMO dan nilai Sigma serta pembuatan peta kendali P. Tahap Analyze dilakukan
analisis akar penyebab menggunakan diagram fishbone untuk dua jenis defect.
Selanjutnya, pada tahap Improve dilakukan pengusulan perbaikan dengan
menghitung nilai Risk Priority Number (RPN) melalui metode FMEA untuk
menentukan prioritas perbaikan berdasarkan tingkat risiko kegagalan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses produksi sabun batang belum
stabil dan berada di bawah standar kualitas yang ditetapkan, dengan rata-rata nilai
DPMO sebesar 111.475 dan level Sigma 2,789. Peta kendali P menunjukkan adanya
proses yang berada di luar batas kendali pada batch ke-2 dan ke-5. Berdasarkan
analisis fishbone dan FMEA, ditemukan bahwa faktor manusia, metode, alat, dan
lingkungan menjadi penyebab utama defect. Usulan strategi difokuskan pada
peningkatan keterampilan operator, standar metode kerja, dan pemeliharaan
peralatan. Dengan implementasi usulan ini, diharapkan UMKM Sekar Jawi dapat
meningkatkan kualitas produk serta mengurangi tingkat defect secara signifikan.
Kata Kunci: Produk Cacat, Sabun Batang, Six Sigma, DMAI, FMEA, UMKM.
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ABSTRACT
Sekar Jawi MSME, which is engaged in natural cosmetic products,
experienced quality problems in one of its products, namely bar soap. During the
period January to December 2024, a defective product rate of 4% of the total
production of 5,025 units was found, which exceeded the maximum threshold of
3% set by MSMEs. The defects found were dominated by two types, namely shape
variations (56.36%) and cracks (43.65%). This problem encourages the need for in
depth analysis and quality improvement efforts to minimize the defect rate in the
bar soap production process.
This research uses Six Sigma method approach with DMAI (Define,
Measure, Analyze, Improve) and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) stages.
At the Define stage, process mapping using SIPOC diagrams and Critical To
Quality (CTQ) are carried out. The Measure stage measured DPMO and Sigma
values and created a P control map. The Analyze stage analyzed the root cause using
a fishbone diagram for two types of defects. Furthermore, at the Improve stage,
improvements are proposed by calculating the Risk Priority Number (RPN) value
through the FMEA method to determine the priority of improvements based on the
level of risk of failure.
The results showed that the bar soap production process was not stable and
was below the set quality standards, with an average DPMO value of 111,475 and
a Sigma level of 2.789. The P control map shows that there are processes that are
outside the control limits in the 2nd and 5th batches. Based on fishbone analysis
and FMEA, it was found that human factors, methods, tools, and environment were
the main causes of defects. The proposed improvements focus on improving
operator skills, standardizing work methods, and maintaining equipment. With the
implementation of these proposals, it is expected that Sekar Jawi MSMEs can
improve product quality and significantly reduce defect rates.
Keywords: Defective Products, Bar Soap, Six Sigma, DMAI, FMEA, MSME.
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| Item Type: | Tugas Akhir (Skripsi) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Defective Products, Bar Soap, Six Sigma, DMAI, FMEA, MSME. |
| Subjek: | H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Teknik Industri > (S1) Teknik Industri |
| Depositing User: | Eko Yuli |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Nov 2025 01:23 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Nov 2025 01:23 |
| URI: | http://eprints.upnyk.ac.id/id/eprint/45281 |
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