Mahendra, Anom (2012) PEMBENTUKAN COLLECTIVE SECURITY TREATY ORGANIZATION (CSTO) DI ASIA TENGAH TAHUN 2002. Other thesis, UPN ''VETERAN'' YOGYAKARTA.
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Abstract
Asia Tengah adalah kawasan yang terdiri dari lima negara:
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan dan Uzbekistan. Namun, dari
lima negara tersebut hanya empat negara yang tergabung dalam kerjasama
Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), dimana Turkmenistan menolak
untuk ikut dalam kerjasama tersebut. Secara singkat CSTO adalah sebuah
organisasi kerjasama antar pemerintahan yang dijalin oleh Rusia, Belarus,
Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan dan Uzbekistan pada 7 Oktober
2002 di Kishinev, Moldova. CSTO dibentuk di bawah kerangka Commonwealth
of Independent States (CIS) yang berfungsi sebagai aliansi pertahanan bersama
antara Rusia, Belarus, Armenia dan empat negara-negara Asia Tengah kecuali
Turkmenistan. CSTO sendiri terbentuk dari Perjanjian Keamanan Kolektif (CST)
yang ditandatangani pada tahun 1992. CST merupakan dasar dari pembentukan
CSTO yang sekarang ini dianggap sebagai kerangka hukum untuk menjamin
keamanan di kawasan Asia Tengah terutama dalam bidang militer.
Asia Tengah merupakan salah satu kawasan yang sangat strategis secara
geopolitik di dunia. Selain sebagai lumbung energi dan penghasil kekayaan alam
lain, kawasan Asia Tengah dapat secara geografis menjadi jembatan antara Asia
Timur dan Timur tengah. Sudah pasti dengan begini Asia Tengah menjadi jalur
minyak yang potensial untuk kawasan-kawasan di sekitarnya. Kawasan Asia
Tengah lagi pula dapat dikatakan telah ‘ditinggalkan pemiliknya’ sejak
keruntuhan negara Uni Soviet yang sebelumnya berkuasa di kawasan tersebut.
Hal ini menjadikan kawasan Asia Tengah menjadi kawasan yang sangat
diperebutkan oleh negara-negara besar, seperti Amerika Serikat, China, dan Rusia.
Motivasi Sphare of Influence agaknya masih memungkinkan untuk dilakukan
mengingat penguasaan atas Asia Tengah juga berarti one step closer pada
penguasaan dan akses monitoring kawasan Timur Tengah. Dalam hal ini North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) juga turut hadir dalam konstelasi perebutan
tersebut, dengan menunggangi isu keamanan yang memang menjadi hal sentral di
kawasan.
Pada saat masalah-masalah keamanan yang sebelumnya sudah ada di
kawasan belum menentukan bentuk penyelesaian, kini beban keamanan regional
dirasa semakin berat dengan munculnya ancaman terorisme dalam skala yang
belum pernah dialami sebelumnya. Meskipun menguatnya ancaman terorisme itu
juga memiliki akar regional implikasi dari perang global melawan terorisme yang
dimotori AS telah memperumit pola-pola hubungan antar negara kawasan,
khususnya di antara negara-negara anggota CSTO di Asia Tengah. Dengan kata
lain, perkembangan situasi keamanan di Asia Tengah pada umumnya, tidak
menunjukkan gambaran masa depan yang menggembirakan. Dalam hal ini, di
masa mendatang CSTO akan dihadapkan kepada tantangan-tantangan keamanan
regional yang tidak ringan. Dalam hal ini, kawasan Asia Tengah dihadapkan
kepada tiga isu keamanan yang rumit. Pertama, masalah terorisme dan stabilitas
regional. Kedua, belum terselesaikannya masalah keamanan tradisional, terutama
sengketa dan ketegangan antar negara. Ketiga, masalah ancaman trans-nasional.
Ketiga masalah ini menjadi tantangan keamanan yang harus dikelola oleh CSTO.
Central Asia is a region consisting of five countries: Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. However, of the five
countries that only four countries incorporated in Collective Security Cooperation
Treaty Organization (CSTO), where Turkmenistan refused to participate in such
cooperation. Briefly CSTO is an organization intergovernmental cooperation is
maintained by Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and
Uzbekistan on 7 October 2002 in Chisinau, Moldova. CSTO was formed under
the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) which serves as
a joint defense alliance between Russia, Belarus, Armenia and the four Central
Asian countries except Turkmenistan. CSTO itself formed from the Collective
Security Treaty (CST) signed in 1992. CST is the basis of the formation of the
CSTO is today considered a legal framework to guarantee security in the Central
Asian region, especially in the areas of the military.
Central Asia is one area that is very strategic in the geopolitics of the
world. In addition to energy and producing a wealth of barn natural, Central Asian
region can geographically be bridge between East Asia and the Middle East. It is
definitely in this way Central Asia became the oil potential of the surrounding
areas. Central Asia after all can be said to have been ' abandoned ' owner since the
collapse of the Soviet Union who had previously reigned in the region. This
makes the region of Central Asia into a region that is highly disputed by the big
countries, such as the United States, China, and Russia. Motivation Sphare of
Influence presumably still allows to do given the mastery over Central Asia is also
meaning one step closer on the mastery and access monitoring the Middle East
region. In this case the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) were also
present at the capture of constellations, with has a security issue which indeed
became the central thing in the area.
At the time of the security problems that previously existed in the region
have yet to determine the form of settlement, now considered the regional security
burden is heavy with the emergence of the threat of terrorism in a scale that has
never been experienced before. Despite the rise of terrorism threat that also has
roots in the regional implications of the global war on terrorism has led U.S.
patterns complicate relations between States, particularly in the area between the
CSTO member countries in Central Asia. In other words, the development of the
security situation in Central Asia in General, does not show picture of a joyous
future. In this case, in the future will be exposed CSTO to regional security
challenges are not lightweight. In this regard, the region of Central Asia are faced
to the three security issues are complicated. First, the problem of terrorism and
regional stability. The second, not the completion of the traditional security issues,
especially disputes and tensions between countries. Third, the issue of transnational
threats. The third problem is the security challenge that must be managed
by the CSTO.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Subjek: | J Political Science > JA Political science (General) |
| Divisions: | x. Faculty of Law, Arts and Social Sciences > School of Social Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Erny Azyanti |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Nov 2016 06:53 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Nov 2016 06:53 |
| URI: | http://eprints.upnyk.ac.id/id/eprint/9350 |
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