Mahendra, Anom (2012) PEMBENTUKAN COLLECTIVE SECURITY TREATY ORGANIZATION (CSTO) DI ASIA TENGAH TAHUN 2002. Other thesis, UPN ''VETERAN'' YOGYAKARTA.
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Abstract
Asia Tengah adalah kawasan yang terdiri dari lima negara: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan dan Uzbekistan. Namun, dari lima negara tersebut hanya empat negara yang tergabung dalam kerjasama Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), dimana Turkmenistan menolak untuk ikut dalam kerjasama tersebut. Secara singkat CSTO adalah sebuah organisasi kerjasama antar pemerintahan yang dijalin oleh Rusia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan dan Uzbekistan pada 7 Oktober 2002 di Kishinev, Moldova. CSTO dibentuk di bawah kerangka Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) yang berfungsi sebagai aliansi pertahanan bersama antara Rusia, Belarus, Armenia dan empat negara-negara Asia Tengah kecuali Turkmenistan. CSTO sendiri terbentuk dari Perjanjian Keamanan Kolektif (CST) yang ditandatangani pada tahun 1992. CST merupakan dasar dari pembentukan CSTO yang sekarang ini dianggap sebagai kerangka hukum untuk menjamin keamanan di kawasan Asia Tengah terutama dalam bidang militer. Asia Tengah merupakan salah satu kawasan yang sangat strategis secara geopolitik di dunia. Selain sebagai lumbung energi dan penghasil kekayaan alam lain, kawasan Asia Tengah dapat secara geografis menjadi jembatan antara Asia Timur dan Timur tengah. Sudah pasti dengan begini Asia Tengah menjadi jalur minyak yang potensial untuk kawasan-kawasan di sekitarnya. Kawasan Asia Tengah lagi pula dapat dikatakan telah ‘ditinggalkan pemiliknya’ sejak keruntuhan negara Uni Soviet yang sebelumnya berkuasa di kawasan tersebut. Hal ini menjadikan kawasan Asia Tengah menjadi kawasan yang sangat diperebutkan oleh negara-negara besar, seperti Amerika Serikat, China, dan Rusia. Motivasi Sphare of Influence agaknya masih memungkinkan untuk dilakukan mengingat penguasaan atas Asia Tengah juga berarti one step closer pada penguasaan dan akses monitoring kawasan Timur Tengah. Dalam hal ini North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) juga turut hadir dalam konstelasi perebutan tersebut, dengan menunggangi isu keamanan yang memang menjadi hal sentral di kawasan. Pada saat masalah-masalah keamanan yang sebelumnya sudah ada di kawasan belum menentukan bentuk penyelesaian, kini beban keamanan regional dirasa semakin berat dengan munculnya ancaman terorisme dalam skala yang belum pernah dialami sebelumnya. Meskipun menguatnya ancaman terorisme itu juga memiliki akar regional implikasi dari perang global melawan terorisme yang dimotori AS telah memperumit pola-pola hubungan antar negara kawasan, khususnya di antara negara-negara anggota CSTO di Asia Tengah. Dengan kata lain, perkembangan situasi keamanan di Asia Tengah pada umumnya, tidak menunjukkan gambaran masa depan yang menggembirakan. Dalam hal ini, di masa mendatang CSTO akan dihadapkan kepada tantangan-tantangan keamanan regional yang tidak ringan. Dalam hal ini, kawasan Asia Tengah dihadapkan kepada tiga isu keamanan yang rumit. Pertama, masalah terorisme dan stabilitas regional. Kedua, belum terselesaikannya masalah keamanan tradisional, terutama sengketa dan ketegangan antar negara. Ketiga, masalah ancaman trans-nasional. Ketiga masalah ini menjadi tantangan keamanan yang harus dikelola oleh CSTO. Central Asia is a region consisting of five countries: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. However, of the five countries that only four countries incorporated in Collective Security Cooperation Treaty Organization (CSTO), where Turkmenistan refused to participate in such cooperation. Briefly CSTO is an organization intergovernmental cooperation is maintained by Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan on 7 October 2002 in Chisinau, Moldova. CSTO was formed under the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) which serves as a joint defense alliance between Russia, Belarus, Armenia and the four Central Asian countries except Turkmenistan. CSTO itself formed from the Collective Security Treaty (CST) signed in 1992. CST is the basis of the formation of the CSTO is today considered a legal framework to guarantee security in the Central Asian region, especially in the areas of the military. Central Asia is one area that is very strategic in the geopolitics of the world. In addition to energy and producing a wealth of barn natural, Central Asian region can geographically be bridge between East Asia and the Middle East. It is definitely in this way Central Asia became the oil potential of the surrounding areas. Central Asia after all can be said to have been ' abandoned ' owner since the collapse of the Soviet Union who had previously reigned in the region. This makes the region of Central Asia into a region that is highly disputed by the big countries, such as the United States, China, and Russia. Motivation Sphare of Influence presumably still allows to do given the mastery over Central Asia is also meaning one step closer on the mastery and access monitoring the Middle East region. In this case the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) were also present at the capture of constellations, with has a security issue which indeed became the central thing in the area. At the time of the security problems that previously existed in the region have yet to determine the form of settlement, now considered the regional security burden is heavy with the emergence of the threat of terrorism in a scale that has never been experienced before. Despite the rise of terrorism threat that also has roots in the regional implications of the global war on terrorism has led U.S. patterns complicate relations between States, particularly in the area between the CSTO member countries in Central Asia. In other words, the development of the security situation in Central Asia in General, does not show picture of a joyous future. In this case, in the future will be exposed CSTO to regional security challenges are not lightweight. In this regard, the region of Central Asia are faced to the three security issues are complicated. First, the problem of terrorism and regional stability. The second, not the completion of the traditional security issues, especially disputes and tensions between countries. Third, the issue of transnational threats. The third problem is the security challenge that must be managed by the CSTO.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | J Political Science > JA Political science (General) |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Law, Arts and Social Sciences > School of Social Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Erny Azyanti |
| Date Deposited: | 24 Nov 2016 06:53 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Nov 2016 06:53 |
| URI: | http://eprints.upnyk.ac.id/id/eprint/9350 |
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