INTENSITAS PELAPUKAN BATUAN PENYUSUN CANDI BOROBUDUR, DESA BOROBUDUR, KECAMATAN BOROBUDUR, KABUPATEN MAGELANG, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

Haldoko, Leliek Agung (2024) INTENSITAS PELAPUKAN BATUAN PENYUSUN CANDI BOROBUDUR, DESA BOROBUDUR, KECAMATAN BOROBUDUR, KABUPATEN MAGELANG, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH. Masters thesis, UPN Veteran Yogyakarta.

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Abstract

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ABSTRAK
Candi Borobudur yang tersusun atas andesit dan berada di daerah beriklim tropis telah
mengalami pelapukan. Pelapukan yang paling terlihat adalah munculnya endapan putih pada
permukaan batu. Secara visual, batuan penyusun bagian kaki, tubuh dan puncak candi terlihat
memiliki intensitas pelapukan yang berbeda-beda, di mana endapan putih paling banyak
terdapat bagian tubuh candi yang ber-relief.
Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan analisis mengenai karakteristik pelapukan batuan
penyusun Candi Borobudur dari segi mineralogi, ikatan mineral, dan komposisi kimia. Analisis
laboratorium yang dilakukan meliputi petrografi, XRD, SEM dan XRF. Untuk mengetahui
intensitas pelapukan batuan penyusun Candi Borobudur pada bagian kaki, tubuh dan puncak
candi dilakukan dengan metode CIW (Chemical Index of Weathering) yang selanjutnya
dibandingkan dengan CIW andesit segar (CIWn). Kemudian nilai CIW dibandingkan dengan
porositas batuan.
Batuan penyusun Candi Borobudur yang berjenis andesit memiliki komposisi mineral
plagioklas, piroksen, mineral opak, gelas vulkanik, dan mineral sekunder hasil lapukan.
Mineral sekunder yang teridentifikasi yaitu montmorilonit, klorit, hematit dan goethit. Ikatan
mineral terlihat mulai merenggang dengan adanya kenampakan bagian-bagian mineral yang
terlihat mulai renggang ataupun terlepas. Berdasarkan rasio CIW/CIWn, intensitas pelapukan
yang tertinggi ada pada bagian tubuh candi yang ber-relief dengan rasio 1,110 dan 1,139.
Berturut-turut di bawahnya adalah bagian kaki candi (1,055 dan 1,077), bagian tubuh candi
yang tidak ber-relief (1,056 dan 1,065) dan bagian puncak candi (1,033 dan 1,041). Intensitas
pelapukan batuan ini berbanding lurus dengan porositas batuan, di mana nilai CIW semakin
tinggi seiring dengan semakin tingginya porositas batuan.
Kata Kunci: relief, andesit, iklim, montmorilonit, porositas
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ABSTRACT
Borobudur Temple, which is composed of andesite and is located in a tropical climate,
has undergone weathering. The most visible weathering is the appearance of white deposits on
the surface of the stone. Visually, the stones that make up the foot, body and top of the temple
appear to have different weathering intensities, where white deposits are mostly found in the
relief parts of the body of the temple.
Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the weathering characteristics of the stones that
make up Borobudur Temple in terms of mineralogy, mineral bonds, and chemical composition.
Laboratory analyzes carried out include petrography, XRD, SEM and XRF. To determine the
weathering intensity of the stones that make up Borobudur Temple at the foot, body and top of
the temple, the CIW (Chemical Index of Weathering) method was carried out which was then
compared with the CIW of fresh andesite (CIWn). Then the CIW value is compared with the
stone porosity.
Andesite stones forming the Borobudur Temple consist of plagioclase, pyroxene,
opaque minerals, volcanic glass, and secondary minerals resulting from weathering. The
identified secondary minerals are montmorillonite, chlorite, hematite, and goethite. Mineral
bonds appear to be starting to loosen with the appearance of parts of the mineral that appear
to be starting to loosen or come apart. Based on the CIW/CIWn ratio, the highest weathering
intensity is in the relief parts of the temple with a ratio of 1.110 and 1.139. Respectively below
are the foot of the temple (1,055 and 1,077), the body of the temple which does not have relief
(1,056 and 1,065) and the top of the temple (1,033 and 1,041). The intensity of stone weathering
is directly proportional to the stone porosity, where the CIW value increases as the stone
porosity increases.
Keywords: relief, andesite, climate, montmorillonite, porosity

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	relief, andesite, climate, montmorillonite, porosity
Subjects:	Q Science > QE Geology
Divisions:	Faculty of Engineering, Science and Mathematics > School of Engineering Sciences
Depositing User:	Eko Yuli
Date Deposited:	13 Jun 2024 03:58
Last Modified:	13 Jun 2024 03:58
URI:	http://eprints.upnyk.ac.id/id/eprint/39749

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