Mahreni, Mahreni and Mohamad, A.B. and Khadum, A.A.H. and Daud, W.R.W (2011) Nanocomposite Electrolyte for PEMFC Application. In: Advances in Nanocomposites - Synthesis, Characterization and Industrial Applications. Intech open publisher, Croatia, pp. 263-288. ISBN 978 953 307 185 7
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Abstract
1. Introduction
Fuel demand is predicted to increase by 6.3% by each year, in particular the motor vehicle
sector where is expected to increase by 41% per year. Gas generated from burning fossil
fuels produce emission that cause global warming effect as perceived from the parameters
such as (i) increase in global temperature, (ii) global climate change phenomena and (iii) the
melting of the ice caps.
One effort to overcome the effects of global warming is by replacing fossil fuels with
hydrogen fuel. Hydrogen fuel and fuel cell technology had been proven able to minimise
the production of toxic flue gases produced by combustion of fossil fuels. Hydrogen fuel is
one of the first order candidate to replace fossil fuels because the combustion of hydrogen
produce only electricity and water without the emission on of CO2, NOx, SOx and volatile
organic compounds. In addition, hydrogen as a raw material can be renewed and could be
harvested from multiple processing methods.
Some countries have tried to produce renewable fuels with a large capacity as would be
done by China by 2020 where it is expected to produce 20% of the renewable energy while
New Zealand at 70%, Brazil has been producing bio-fuels on large scale and U.S. bio-fuel
have been supplied from corn. U.S. and Japan have reserved the hydrogen as a substitute
for fossil fuel. It is estimated that hydrogen fuel to be economical by 2050.
Fuel cell technology will be one of the appropriate technologies to convert hydrogen into
electric energy when hydrogen is continuously supplied. Fuel cell would be able to replace
fossil-fuelled engine with higher efficiency and expected to produce minimum or no
pollutants and have been developed in order to reduce the problems of green house gas
effect produced through the combustion of fossil fuel.
| Item Type: | Book Section |
|---|---|
| Subjek: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology |
| Divisions: | x. Faculty of Engineering, Science and Mathematics > School of Chemistry |
| Depositing User: | Dr Mahreni Mahreni |
| Date Deposited: | 23 Apr 2019 02:16 |
| Last Modified: | 23 Apr 2019 02:16 |
| URI: | http://eprints.upnyk.ac.id/id/eprint/19322 |
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