Ramadhani, Syahriyar (2018) RANCANGAN TEKNIS REKLAMASI PADA PENAMBANGAN PASIR DAN BATU BERDASARKAN KERUSAKAN LINGKUNGAN DI DUSUN KENINGAR, DESA KENINGAR, KECAMATAN DUKUN, KABUPATEN MAGELANG, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH. Other thesis, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta.
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Abstract
INTISARI Penelitian mengenai reklamasi penambangan ini dilaksanakan di Dusun Keningar, Desa Keingar, Kecamatan Dukun, Kabupaten Magelang. Lokasi penelitian merupakan tempat kegiatan penambangan pasir dan batu yang dilakukan dengan sistem tambang terbuka oleh warga secara sederhana tanpa menggunakan alat berat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kerusakan lingkungan yang diakibatkan kegiatan penambangan dan menentukan teknik reklamasi yang sesuai. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian diantaranya metode survei, pemetaan, dan metode evaluasi deskriptif. Tahap pertama penelitian dilakukan dengan survei lapangan untuk mengetahui rona lingkungan awal. Tahap selanjutnya dilakukan dengan pemetaan topografi, satuan batuan, jenis tanah, penggunaan lahan dan pengukuran kerusakan lingkungan. Kerusakan lingkungan yang diukur dengan metode grid meliputi batas tepi galian, kedalaman galian, relief dasar galian, tinggi dinding galian, lebar teras galian, ketebalan tanah pucuk, dan vegetasi penutupan lahan. Analisis tanah juga dilakukan dengan uji laboratorium kesuburan tanah, yaitu menguji pH, C-organik, N-total, dan K-tersedia pada sampel tanah. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mengetahui dampak positif dan negatif adanya kegiatan penambangan, pendapatan warga, cara penambangan dan rencana reklamasi. Evaluasi kerusakan lingkungan dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai parameter yang melebihi batas maksimal sesuai peraturan. Peraturan yang digunakan mengacu pada Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No.43 tahun 1996. Rencana dan rancangan teknis reklamasi dilakukan berdasarkan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten Magelang Sebagai hutan Rakyat, Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan Republik Indonesia No:P.4/Menhut-II/ 2012, dan hasil evaluasi kerusakan lingkungan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kerusakan lingkungan, terjadi kerusakan geofisik lingkungan pada lokasi penelitian. Hasil analisis menunjukan 5 parameter dinyatakan rusak sedangkan 2 parameter sesuai dengan ketentuan. Teknik reklamasi yang dilakukan terdiri dari 2 tahap. Teknik reklamasi tahap I yaitu penyiapan lahan bekas tambang dan penataan kondisi lahan yang tidak sesuai. Penataan yan dilakukan meliputi pembuatan jenjang mengunakan model teras bangku. Teknik reklamasi tahap II yaitu terdiri dan perancangan sistem pot atau lubang tanam dan teknik penanaman. Kebutuhan top soil untuk revegetasi adalah 241,75 m3. Tanaman yang digunakan untuk revegetasi yaitu tanaman sengon. Sebagai tanaman pionir, sengon merupakan tumbuhan asli yang mudah tumbuh dan banyak ditanam oleh masyarakat. Kata Kunci : Penambangan pasir dan batu, kerusakan lingkungan, reklamasi, hutan rakyat. ABSTRACT Research on mining reclamation carried out in Keningar Hamlet, Keningar Village, Dukun District, Magelang Regency. The location of this research are an area of sand and stone mining activities which carried out with an open pit mining system by residents without the use of heavy equipment. The purpose of this study are to determine the environmental damage caused by mining activities and determined the appropriate reclamation techniques. Methods used in the study were survey methods, mapping methods, and descriptive evaluation method. The field worked phase begins with a field survey to find out the initial environmental rona. The next step were mapping the topography, a unit of rocks, soil type, land use and measurement of environmental damage. Environmental damage as measured by the grid method includes a border of minerals, the depth of the excavations and the basic minerals, relief, high walls, wide terrace deposits minerals, thickness of topsoil, and the vegetation land covered. Analysis of soil was also done with laboratory soil fertility, i.e. testing pH, organic C, N-total, and K-total-available on soil samples. The interview was conducted to find out the positive and negative impacts of the presence of mining activities, the income of the citizens, the way of the mining and reclamation plans. Evaluation of the environmental damage done by comparing the parameter values that exceed the maximum limit of the corresponding regulations. The rules that are used in reference to the Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 43 Tahun 1996. Plan and design of technical reclamation based on Spatial Plan areas in Magelang as comunity forest, Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan No.: p. 4/Menhut-II Tahun 2012, and the results of the evaluation of the environmental damage. Based on the analysis results of environmental damage, the geophysical environment damage occurred on the site of the researched. The results of the analysis showed 5 parameters declared being damage while 2 parameters were in accordance with the provisions. The technique of reclamation consisted of two stages. Stage I reclamation techniques were structuring of ex-mining land that is not suitable and made the level using a bench terrace model. Engineering Reclamation Phase II that is composed and designing the planting hole/pot system and planting techniques. The needs of top soil to revegetasi is 241.75 m3. Determination of plant used namely as sengon pioneer plants tree which is native to and widely planted by the community. Stage II reclamation technique consists of designed pot systems/planted hole and planted techniques. The need for top soil is 256 m3. Determination of plants used is a sengon tree as a pioneer plant which is a native plant that is widely planted by the community. Keywords: Sand and Stone Mining, Environmental Damage, Reclamation, Community Forests.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Engineering, Science and Mathematics > School of Civil Engineering and the Environment |
| Depositing User: | Ratna Sufiatin |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Jan 2019 06:41 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Jan 2019 06:41 |
| URI: | http://eprints.upnyk.ac.id/id/eprint/18080 |
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